Unlocking the Apiaceae: comprehensive advances in agronomy, biotechnology, phytochemistry, and health applications of major seed spices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58628/JAE-2521-101Keywords:
Unlocking, Apiaceae, biotechnology, phytochemistry, seed spicesAbstract
Seed spices from the Apiaceae family, including cumin, coriander, fennel, dill, ajwain, and others, hold immense significance in global agriculture, cuisine, and health. India leads the world in their production, with Rajasthan and Gujarat as key cultivating states. These spices are not only culinary staples but also rich in essential oils and bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to their rising demand in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic sectors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of Apiaceae seed spices, covering their botanical classification, morphology, reproductive biology, and agronomic practices. It also delves into stress physiology, genetic diversity, and modern breeding strategies, including the use of molecular markers. Furthermore, the review highlights their phytochemical profiles and documented health benefits. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, such as the need for improved genomic tools, better stress resilience, and efficient post-harvest handling. Future research must integrate traditional knowledge with biotechnology to unlock the full agricultural and therapeutic potential of these underutilized but economically valuable crops.
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