Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) research for horticultural harnessing and environmental services: an appraisal
Keywords:
Khejri, Prosopis cineraria, Tender pods - Sangri, Panchkuta vegetable, Horticultural quality, Thar Desert, Hot arid environmentAbstract
Dry-land agriculture has enormous potential in ensuring nutritious food to the inhabitants and eco-restoration. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) is a life-line tree of the Thar Desert. It is the most important component of the traditional farming systems of arid and semi-arid region of the north-western part of India. It tolerates extreme edapho-climatic conditions with lush-green foliage and bears fruits that too during the driest period. Its nutritious leaf-fodder (loong) and tender pods (sangri) used extensively. Sangri is sold fresh and dehydrated at high price, and it is the main constituent of Panchkutta vegetable cooking. Prior to CIAH - Khejri Technology, the rural people used to collect tender pods from the natural seedling trees and there was no quality standard for it. For horticultural exploitation, a series of technological advancements have been made at ICAR-CIAH and first-time recommended are patch-budding for vegetative propagation for conservation of the elite genotypes and mass-multiplication of true-to-type plants in the nursery, in-situ orchard establishment by bud-grafting, induction of thornlessness in plants, variety-Thar Shobha, crop-regulation to harvest both sangri and loong annually, on-farm value-addition and diversified crop-combination models adopting HBCPSMA concept such as Organic Panchkuta, native, multi-purpose and intensive production. Based on crop-commodity potentialities, khejri planting models viz., KM–1, KM–3, KM–7, KM–9 and KM–11 exhibited tremendous scope for desert horticultural promotion and agro-ecological prosperity.
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References
Anonymous. 1994–2021. Annual reports. National Research Centre for Arid Horticulture / Central Institute for Arid Horticulture (ICAR), Bikaner (Rajasthan) India.
Arya S, Tomar R & Toky OP. 1994. Effect of plant age and auxin treatment on rooting response in stem cuttings of Prosopis cineraria. Journal of Arid Environments, 27(1): 99-103.
Burkart A. 1976. A monograph of the genus Prosopis (Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae) (Part 1 and 2). Catalogue of the recognized species of Prosopis. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 57 : 219-249 and 450-525.
Dwivedi NK, Bhandari DC & Verma SK. 1997. Collecting Prosopis cineraria germplasm in western India. IPGRI Newsletter for Asia, The Pacific and Oceania, 22: 19.
Felker, P and Clark PR. 1981. Rooting of Mesquite (Prosopis) cuttings. Journal of Range Management, 34 (6), 466-68.
Gupta GN, Kuppusamy V, Choudhary KR, Bohra NK, Singh N & Lata K. 1996. Effect of fertilizers on early growth of desert species Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata. Annals of Forestry, 4 (1): 29-33.
Gupta GN, Singh B & Singh G. 1997. Relative performance of different species on a sand dune in Thar desert. Indian Forester, 123 (3): 206-210.
Gupta JP & Sharma AK. 1998. Integrated effect of water harvesting and manuring on growth and establishment of Prosopis cineraria (khejri) in hot-arid region of Rajasthan. Indian Forester, 124 (1): 54-58.
Haldhar SM and Karuppaiah V. 2014. Record of moth, Anarsia triaenota Meyrick on khejri. Published in ICAR-CIAH News Letter, January-June, 2014. Pp 2.
Haldhar SM. 2012. Report of Homoeocerus variabilis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on khejri (Prosopis cineraria) in Rajasthan, India: incidence and morphometric analysis. Florida Entomologist, 95 (4): 848-853.
Harsh LN & Tewari JC. 1998. Prosopis in the arid regions of India: some important aspects of research and development. In: Prosopis species in the arid and semi-arid zones of India (Ed. J.C. Tewari, N.M. Pasiecznik., L.N. Harsh and P.J.C. Harris). Conference Proceedings, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur (India). November 21-23, 1993; 5 -10 pp.
Kaushik N & Kumar V. 2003. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) based agro-forestry system for arid Haryana, India. Journal of Arid Environments. 55: 433-440.
Kumar D, Samadia DK, Jatav MK, Meena SR, Sharma BD & Singh D. 2017. Soil fertility status of khejri based cropping system under varying land use pattern in dry land conditions. In: Abstract book of 5th National Seminar - Climate Resilient Saline Agriculture: Sustaining Livelihood Security, Organized by Indian Society of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, Karnal, Haryana from January 21–23, 2017 at SKRAU, Bikaner. p140.
Kumar D, Samadia DK, Jatav MK, Meena SR, Sharma BD & Singh D. 2017. Scope of improvement in soil fertility build-up with khejri based crop production systems under hot arid agro-climate. International Journal of Current Microbiology and applied sciences, ISSN: 2319-7706, 6(7), 2017- 1107-1115.
More TA, Samadia DK & Verma AK. 2018. Arid vegetables for economic empowerment of rural inhabitants. Souvenir paper: National Conference on Arid Horticulture for enhancing productivity and economic empowerment. ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner. Book-ISBN: 978-5124-998-6. PP 51-56.
More TA, Samadia DK, Awasthi OP & Hiwale SS. 2008. Varieties and Hybrids of CIAH. Technical Bulletin - CIAH/TECH/PUB. No., 30: 1-11 pp.
Pareek OP & Nath V. 1997. Variability in horticultural traits of khejri in Thar Desert. IPGRI Newsletter for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania, 24: 23-25.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2002. Marupradesh ka kalpvriksha – khejri. Amar Jyoti 53 (8-9): 56-57.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2002. Patch budding in khejri (Prosopis cineraria). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 59: 89-94.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2003. Vanispatik pravardhan dwara khejri vriksha se do varsh main hi sangri utpadan. Unnat Krishi 41 (1) : 23-26
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2004. Prosopis cineraria – vegetative propagation and growth regulation. Abstract: National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Pareek OP. 2001. Vegetative propagation of khejri. ICAR News, 7(4): 12.
Pareek OP. 2002. Top-working wild khejri trees. Indian Horticulture, 47 (1): 11-12.
Pareek, OP, Purohit AK & Samadia DK. 2006. Graft compatibility among the Asian and Algaobia Prosopis species. Indian Journal of Arid Horticulture, 1 (2): 1-5.
Puri S & Kumar A. 1992. Management and establishment of Prosopis cineraria in hot desert of India. In: Integrared land use management for tropical agriculture: Proceedings Second International Symposium Queensland, 15-25 September, 1992. Module 2, 46.1-46.9, Conference and Workshop Series QC 2009.
Purohit AK, Pareek OP & Samadia DK. 2004. Nutrient rich biscuits from ripe pods of khejri. Abstract : National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Purohit AK, Pareek, OP & Samadia DK. 2004. Phenological study of Khejri at Bikaner. Abstract: National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Purohit AK, Samadia DK & Pareek OP. 2003. Studies on growth enhancement of khejri seedlings and in-situ budded plants. Annals of Arid Zone, 42 (1): 1-5.
Rawat TS, Sharma HC & J Pundir JPS. 1982-83. Air-layering–a success in propagation of khejri (Prosopis cineraria L.). Udyanika, 5 (1&2): 43-44.
Saidman BO, Vilardi JC, Montoya S, Dieguez MJ, Hopp HE & Puri S. 1998. Molecular markers: a tool for understanding the relationship among species of Prosopis (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). In: Tree Improvement : Applied Research and Technology Transfer, Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, USA. Pp. 311 – 324.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2017. Breeding strategies and scope of improvement in arid zone fruit crop-plant under abiotic stressed agro-climate: an analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 2017-4: 1–13.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2018. Strategies and advancement for improvement in arid vegetables. Indian Journal of Arid Horticulture, (13) 1& 2: 11–18.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2019. Scope and strategies for genetic improvement in vegetable crop-plants under high temperature and abiotic stressed climate of Rajasthan: A gap analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 2019-8: 1–18.
Samadia DK, Khan H, Meena SR, Singh D & Sivalingam PN. 2012. Production technology for horticultural exploitation of khejri and moringa. Chapter in compendium of winter school: Exploitation of underutilized horticultural crops for sustainable production. September 05–25, 2012. CIAH, Bikaner. pp168-177.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2006. Techniques for annual harvesting of sangri and loong - An approach to popularize khejri as a horticultural crop. Abstract of paper In: National Symposium on Livelihood Security and Diversified Farming Systems in Arid Region. January 14-16, 2005. Arid Zone Research Association of India, CAZRI, Jodhpur. 2.5: p30.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP, Purohit AK & More TA. 2009. Technological advancement for transformation of Prosopis cineraria in to a horticultural crop. Abstract of Paper In: International conference on nurturing arid zones for people and the environment: Issue and agenda for the 21st century. November 24-28, 2009; Jodhpur (India), pp144-146.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP, Purohit AK & More TA. 2009. Technological advancement for transformation of Prosopis cineraria in to a horticultural crop. Abstract of Paper In: “International conference on nurturing arid zones for people and the environment: Issue and agenda for the 21st century.” November 24-28, 2009 Jodhpur, India. pp144-146.
Samadia DK, Purohit AK & Pareek OP. 2002. Genetic diversity in vegetable type khejri. Indian Journal of Agro-forestry, 4 (2): 132-134.
Samadia DK. 2007. Techniques for annual harvesting of sangri. ICAR News, 12 (2): 3.
Samadia DK. 2014. Khejri – Bagwani Anusandhan anv takaniki vikas. Technical bulletin (Hindi) - CIAH/TECH/Pub. No., 53: 1-44 p.
Samadia DK. 2015. Khejri – Thar Shobha: Grow for horticultural exploitation. Technical Folder, CIAH: Bikaner, 6p.
Samadia DK. 2016. Horticulture based crop production site management approach (HBCPSMA) - an innovative concept for doubling farm income under dry-lands. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology (http://saaer.org.in.in), 2016-1: 1–9.
Samadia DK. 2016. Thar Shobha: New khejri variety. Indian Horticulture, 61 (4): cover page back & 12–13.
Samadia DK. 2018. Cultivating underutilized vegetables in arid region. Indian Horticulture, 63 (4): 34-39.
Sarolia DK, Gora JS & Samadia DK. 2016. Genetic diversity in khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) in Thar Desert. Chapter in compendium of winter school: Exploitation of underutilized fruits of arid and semi-arid region, Organized by Directorate of Research, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur from October 4–24, 2016. pp82–85.
Singh RR. 1998. Germination, growth and nodulation studies in three important nitrogen fixing tree species. Indian Journal of Forestry, 21(2): 128-130
Sivalingam PN, Samadia DK, Singh D & Chauhan S. 2016. Molecular markers to distinguish ‘Thar Shobha’ a variety of Khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) from trees in natural populations. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/ 14620316. 2016.1160545). pp1–9.
Sivalingam PN, Samadia DK, Singh D, Changal HK, Khan H & Sharma SK. 2011. Characterization of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce germplasm with suitable horticultural traits from the hot arid region of Rajasthan, India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58: 1095 – 1103.
Solanki KR, Kackar NL & Jindal SK. 1986. Air layering in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Mac Bride. Indian Forester, 112 (3): 202-207.
Srivastava JP & Hetherington JC. 1991. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria): A tree for the arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. International Tree Crops Journal, 7: 1-16.
Arya S, Tomar R & Toky OP. 1994. Effect of plant age and auxin treatment on rooting response in stem cuttings of Prosopis cineraria. Journal of Arid Environments, 27(1): 99-103.
Burkart A. 1976. A monograph of the genus Prosopis (Leguminosae subfamily Mimosoideae) (Part 1 and 2). Catalogue of the recognized species of Prosopis. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 57 : 219-249 and 450-525.
Dwivedi NK, Bhandari DC & Verma SK. 1997. Collecting Prosopis cineraria germplasm in western India. IPGRI Newsletter for Asia, The Pacific and Oceania, 22: 19.
Felker, P and Clark PR. 1981. Rooting of Mesquite (Prosopis) cuttings. Journal of Range Management, 34 (6), 466-68.
Gupta GN, Kuppusamy V, Choudhary KR, Bohra NK, Singh N & Lata K. 1996. Effect of fertilizers on early growth of desert species Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata. Annals of Forestry, 4 (1): 29-33.
Gupta GN, Singh B & Singh G. 1997. Relative performance of different species on a sand dune in Thar desert. Indian Forester, 123 (3): 206-210.
Gupta JP & Sharma AK. 1998. Integrated effect of water harvesting and manuring on growth and establishment of Prosopis cineraria (khejri) in hot-arid region of Rajasthan. Indian Forester, 124 (1): 54-58.
Haldhar SM and Karuppaiah V. 2014. Record of moth, Anarsia triaenota Meyrick on khejri. Published in ICAR-CIAH News Letter, January-June, 2014. Pp 2.
Haldhar SM. 2012. Report of Homoeocerus variabilis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) on khejri (Prosopis cineraria) in Rajasthan, India: incidence and morphometric analysis. Florida Entomologist, 95 (4): 848-853.
Harsh LN & Tewari JC. 1998. Prosopis in the arid regions of India: some important aspects of research and development. In: Prosopis species in the arid and semi-arid zones of India (Ed. J.C. Tewari, N.M. Pasiecznik., L.N. Harsh and P.J.C. Harris). Conference Proceedings, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur (India). November 21-23, 1993; 5 -10 pp.
Kaushik N & Kumar V. 2003. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) based agro-forestry system for arid Haryana, India. Journal of Arid Environments. 55: 433-440.
Kumar D, Samadia DK, Jatav MK, Meena SR, Sharma BD & Singh D. 2017. Soil fertility status of khejri based cropping system under varying land use pattern in dry land conditions. In: Abstract book of 5th National Seminar - Climate Resilient Saline Agriculture: Sustaining Livelihood Security, Organized by Indian Society of Soil Salinity and Water Quality, Karnal, Haryana from January 21–23, 2017 at SKRAU, Bikaner. p140.
Kumar D, Samadia DK, Jatav MK, Meena SR, Sharma BD & Singh D. 2017. Scope of improvement in soil fertility build-up with khejri based crop production systems under hot arid agro-climate. International Journal of Current Microbiology and applied sciences, ISSN: 2319-7706, 6(7), 2017- 1107-1115.
More TA, Samadia DK & Verma AK. 2018. Arid vegetables for economic empowerment of rural inhabitants. Souvenir paper: National Conference on Arid Horticulture for enhancing productivity and economic empowerment. ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner. Book-ISBN: 978-5124-998-6. PP 51-56.
More TA, Samadia DK, Awasthi OP & Hiwale SS. 2008. Varieties and Hybrids of CIAH. Technical Bulletin - CIAH/TECH/PUB. No., 30: 1-11 pp.
Pareek OP & Nath V. 1997. Variability in horticultural traits of khejri in Thar Desert. IPGRI Newsletter for Asia, the Pacific and Oceania, 24: 23-25.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2002. Marupradesh ka kalpvriksha – khejri. Amar Jyoti 53 (8-9): 56-57.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2002. Patch budding in khejri (Prosopis cineraria). Indian Journal of Horticulture, 59: 89-94.
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2003. Vanispatik pravardhan dwara khejri vriksha se do varsh main hi sangri utpadan. Unnat Krishi 41 (1) : 23-26
Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2004. Prosopis cineraria – vegetative propagation and growth regulation. Abstract: National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Pareek OP. 2001. Vegetative propagation of khejri. ICAR News, 7(4): 12.
Pareek OP. 2002. Top-working wild khejri trees. Indian Horticulture, 47 (1): 11-12.
Pareek, OP, Purohit AK & Samadia DK. 2006. Graft compatibility among the Asian and Algaobia Prosopis species. Indian Journal of Arid Horticulture, 1 (2): 1-5.
Puri S & Kumar A. 1992. Management and establishment of Prosopis cineraria in hot desert of India. In: Integrared land use management for tropical agriculture: Proceedings Second International Symposium Queensland, 15-25 September, 1992. Module 2, 46.1-46.9, Conference and Workshop Series QC 2009.
Purohit AK, Pareek OP & Samadia DK. 2004. Nutrient rich biscuits from ripe pods of khejri. Abstract : National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Purohit AK, Pareek, OP & Samadia DK. 2004. Phenological study of Khejri at Bikaner. Abstract: National Seminar on Present Scenario and Future Strategies in Arid Horticulture held from 6-7 February, 2004 at CIAH, Bikaner.
Purohit AK, Samadia DK & Pareek OP. 2003. Studies on growth enhancement of khejri seedlings and in-situ budded plants. Annals of Arid Zone, 42 (1): 1-5.
Rawat TS, Sharma HC & J Pundir JPS. 1982-83. Air-layering–a success in propagation of khejri (Prosopis cineraria L.). Udyanika, 5 (1&2): 43-44.
Saidman BO, Vilardi JC, Montoya S, Dieguez MJ, Hopp HE & Puri S. 1998. Molecular markers: a tool for understanding the relationship among species of Prosopis (Leguminosae, Mimosoideae). In: Tree Improvement : Applied Research and Technology Transfer, Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, USA. Pp. 311 – 324.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2017. Breeding strategies and scope of improvement in arid zone fruit crop-plant under abiotic stressed agro-climate: an analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 2017-4: 1–13.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2018. Strategies and advancement for improvement in arid vegetables. Indian Journal of Arid Horticulture, (13) 1& 2: 11–18.
Samadia DK & Haldhar SM. 2019. Scope and strategies for genetic improvement in vegetable crop-plants under high temperature and abiotic stressed climate of Rajasthan: A gap analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 2019-8: 1–18.
Samadia DK, Khan H, Meena SR, Singh D & Sivalingam PN. 2012. Production technology for horticultural exploitation of khejri and moringa. Chapter in compendium of winter school: Exploitation of underutilized horticultural crops for sustainable production. September 05–25, 2012. CIAH, Bikaner. pp168-177.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP & Purohit AK. 2006. Techniques for annual harvesting of sangri and loong - An approach to popularize khejri as a horticultural crop. Abstract of paper In: National Symposium on Livelihood Security and Diversified Farming Systems in Arid Region. January 14-16, 2005. Arid Zone Research Association of India, CAZRI, Jodhpur. 2.5: p30.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP, Purohit AK & More TA. 2009. Technological advancement for transformation of Prosopis cineraria in to a horticultural crop. Abstract of Paper In: International conference on nurturing arid zones for people and the environment: Issue and agenda for the 21st century. November 24-28, 2009; Jodhpur (India), pp144-146.
Samadia DK, Pareek OP, Purohit AK & More TA. 2009. Technological advancement for transformation of Prosopis cineraria in to a horticultural crop. Abstract of Paper In: “International conference on nurturing arid zones for people and the environment: Issue and agenda for the 21st century.” November 24-28, 2009 Jodhpur, India. pp144-146.
Samadia DK, Purohit AK & Pareek OP. 2002. Genetic diversity in vegetable type khejri. Indian Journal of Agro-forestry, 4 (2): 132-134.
Samadia DK. 2007. Techniques for annual harvesting of sangri. ICAR News, 12 (2): 3.
Samadia DK. 2014. Khejri – Bagwani Anusandhan anv takaniki vikas. Technical bulletin (Hindi) - CIAH/TECH/Pub. No., 53: 1-44 p.
Samadia DK. 2015. Khejri – Thar Shobha: Grow for horticultural exploitation. Technical Folder, CIAH: Bikaner, 6p.
Samadia DK. 2016. Horticulture based crop production site management approach (HBCPSMA) - an innovative concept for doubling farm income under dry-lands. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology (http://saaer.org.in.in), 2016-1: 1–9.
Samadia DK. 2016. Thar Shobha: New khejri variety. Indian Horticulture, 61 (4): cover page back & 12–13.
Samadia DK. 2018. Cultivating underutilized vegetables in arid region. Indian Horticulture, 63 (4): 34-39.
Sarolia DK, Gora JS & Samadia DK. 2016. Genetic diversity in khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) in Thar Desert. Chapter in compendium of winter school: Exploitation of underutilized fruits of arid and semi-arid region, Organized by Directorate of Research, RCA, MPUAT, Udaipur from October 4–24, 2016. pp82–85.
Singh RR. 1998. Germination, growth and nodulation studies in three important nitrogen fixing tree species. Indian Journal of Forestry, 21(2): 128-130
Sivalingam PN, Samadia DK, Singh D & Chauhan S. 2016. Molecular markers to distinguish ‘Thar Shobha’ a variety of Khejri (Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce) from trees in natural populations. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology (http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1080/ 14620316. 2016.1160545). pp1–9.
Sivalingam PN, Samadia DK, Singh D, Changal HK, Khan H & Sharma SK. 2011. Characterization of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce germplasm with suitable horticultural traits from the hot arid region of Rajasthan, India. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58: 1095 – 1103.
Solanki KR, Kackar NL & Jindal SK. 1986. Air layering in Prosopis cineraria (L.) Mac Bride. Indian Forester, 112 (3): 202-207.
Srivastava JP & Hetherington JC. 1991. Khejri (Prosopis cineraria): A tree for the arid and semi-arid zones of Rajasthan. International Tree Crops Journal, 7: 1-16.
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Published
2021-12-31
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Samadia, D., Haldhar, S., Verma, A., Gurjar, P., Berwal, M., Gora, J., Kumar, R., & Ram, H. (2021). Khejri (Prosopis cineraria) research for horticultural harnessing and environmental services: an appraisal. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 12(12), 1–26. Retrieved from https://saaer.org.in/journals/index.php/jae/article/view/399
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