Honeybees diversity, pollination, entrepreneurship and beekeeping scenario in NEH region of India
Keywords:
Honeybees diversity, pollination, entrepreneurship, beekeeping scenario, NEH regionAbstract
The north-eastern region of India with diverse forage resources encompasses great potential in beekeeping. The honeybee species existing in the north-eastern hill region are Apis dorsata, A. florea, A. cerana himalaya, A. mellifera, A. laboriosa and Trigona iridepennis. Modern agriculture has come to depend greatly on the bees to fulfill its pollination needs. Pollen analysis from North-eastern hill region revealed that the dominant sporomorphs were Brassica sp., Solamun sp., Helianthus sp., Wendlandia sp., Clematis sp., Adhatoda sp. and Mussaenda sp. Bee flora was identified as 107 plants from North-eastern region of India. Different types of entrepreneurship can be developed through beekeeping like honey bees rearing, sale of honey bees colonies, consultancy to farmers for honey bee rearing, processing of honey at large scale and marketing of honey products. Available information on honeybee’s diversity, pollination, entrepreneurship and beekeeping scenario for sustainable agriculture of north-eastern hill region are reviewed and discussed.
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References
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Al-Ghamdi AA, Nuru A, Khanbash MS & Smith DR. 2013. Geographical distribution and population variation of Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(3): 124-133.
Atwal AS & Sharma OP. 1968. The introduction of Apis mellifera queens into Apis indica colonies and the associated behavior of the two species. Indian Bee Journal, 30: 41–56.
Bansal K, Singh Y & Singh P. 2013. Constraints of apiculture in India. Int J Life Sci Res, 1(1):1–4.
Bhuyan M & Bhattacharyya PR. 2002. Foraging of honeybee upon Assam lemon (Citrus acida Roxb.) under agro-climatic condition of Jorhat, Assam, India. Geobios, 29: 33-36.
Dyer EC & Seeley TD. 1994. Colony migration in the tropical honey bee Apis dorsata F. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Insect. Soc., 41: 129- 140.
Gogoi B, Rahman A, Rahman S & Deka MK. 2007. Foraging behavior and effect of Apis cerana pollination on fruit set and yield of Assam lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burn). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 77 (2): 120-122.
Gromisz M. 1993. Flowering dates of some important honey plants in Poland in the years 1946 – 1986. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe, 37: 89-101.
Hargasim O. 1974. Bees as pollinators of entomophilous crops. Bee World, 55 (4): 137-140.
Hepburn RH, Radloff S, Otis G, Fuchs S, Verma L, Tan K, et al. 2005. Apis florea: morphometrics, classification and biogeography. Apidologie, 36 (3): 359-376.
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Kitnya N, Prabhudev MV, Bhatta CP, Pham TH, Nidup T, Megu K, Chakravorty J, Brockmann A. & Otis GW. 2020. Geographical distribution of the giant honey bee Apis laboriosa Smith, 1871 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys, 951, p.67.
Mahanta M & Rahman A. 1997a. Pollination studies on honeybees (Apis cerana indica) on rapeseed, Brassica campestris var. toria. Plant Health, 2: 66-69.
Mahanta M & Rahman A. 1997b. Studies on pollination of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) by honeybee (Apis cerana F.). Indian Bee Journal, 59 (2):74-75.
Michener CD. 2007. The Bees of the World. Second ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, USA and UK.
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Otis GW. 1996. Distributions of recently recognized species of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis) in Asia. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 69: 311–333.
Parihar A, Thakur M, Rana K & Devi S. 2020. Quality analysis of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera honey from Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8: 46-54.
Raffiudin R & Crozier RH. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of honey bee behavioral evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43: 543-552.
Rahman A. 1993. Role of honeybee, Apis cerana indica F. in pollination and seed set of niger. In : Pollination in Tropics (Eds. G.K. Veeresh, R. Uma Shankar and K.N. Ganeshaiah). IUSSI – Indian Chapter, Bangalore, pp. 212 – 214.
Ramchandra TV, Subashchandran MD, Joshi NV & Balachandran C. 2012. ENVIS technical. report: 49, Centre for ecological sciences. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
Rana BS & Goyal NP. 1994. Comparative brood rearing activity of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana indica at Nauni (Solan), midhills of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Bee Journal, 56: 24-28.
Rao G. Mohan, Suryanarayana MC & Thakur CV. 1980 Bees can boost oilseed production. Indian Farming. 29: 25-26.
Rattanawannee A, Chanchao C & Wongsiri S. 2007. Morphometric and genetic variation of small dwarf honeybees Apis andreniformis Smith, 1858 in Thailand. Insect Science, 4: 451-460.
Rinderer TE, Wongsiri S, Kuang B, Liu J, Oldroyd BP, Sylvester HA & de Guzman LI. 1996. Comparative nest architecture of the dwarf honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 35: 19-26.
Rodinov VV & Shabanshov. 1986. The Fascinating world of bees. Mir Publishers, Moscow (Russia).
Ruttner F. 1988. Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer, Berlin.
Said F, Inayatullah M, Ahmad S, Iqbal T & Shah RA. 2015. Foraging behavior of the Himalayan Honeybee, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) associated with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Peshawar District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3 (3): 203-207.
Sakagami SF, Matsumura T & Ito K. 1980. Apis laboriosa in Himalaya, the little known world largest honeybee (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Insecta Matsumurana, 19: 47–77.
Sharma SK, Kumar Y & Rana MK. 2014. Status and prospects of beekeeping in Haryana. Workshop on promotion of honeybee keeping in Haryana held on June 24 2014.
Singh MP. 1999. Melissopalynology and survey of the bee plants in North-eastern hill region. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 12 (1 & 2): 79-83.
Singh MP & Devi CS. 1997. Effect of repeated flower visitation by Apis cerana Fab. on pod and seed setting in rapeseed. Insect Environment, 3 (2): 40.
Singh MP & Verma LR. 1993. Morphometric comparison of three geographic populations of the northeast Himalayan Apis cerana. Asian Apiculture (LJ Connor, T. Rinderer, HA Sylvester & S. Wongsiri eds) Wicwas Press USA, pp.67-73.
Singh MP, Singh KI & Devi CS. 1998a. Role of Apis cerana himalaya pollination on yield and quality of rapeseed and sunflower crops. In : Asian Bees and Beekeeping: Progress of Research and Development (Eds. M. Matsuka, L.R. Verma, S. Wongsiri, K.K. Shrestha and U. Pratap) Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 186 – 189.
Singh MP, Singh KI & Devi CS. 1998b. Foraging behavior of Apis cerana himalaya on sunflower and rapeseed. In : Asian Bees and Beekeeping: Progress of Research and Development (Eds. M. Matsuka, L.R. Verma, S. Wongsiri, K.K. Shrestha and U. Pratap) Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 199 – 202.
Singh MP, Verma LR & Daly HV. 1990. Morphometric analysis of the Indian honeybee in the North-east Himalayan region. Journal of Apicultural Research, 29 (1):3-14.
Singh MP, Verma LR & Mattu, VK. 1994. Pollen spectrum of some honeys of the North-east Himalayas as determinant of honeybee forage. Indian Bee Journal, 56 (1-2):37-52.
Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A R Wallace. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of London, 2: 42-130.
Suryanarayan MC. 1986. Honeybee – flower relationship. Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India, 28(1-4): 55 – 62.
Tej MK, Aruna R, Mishra G & Srinivasan MR. 2017. Beekeeping in India. In Industrial Entomology (pp. 35-66). Springer, Singapore.
Thapa RB. 2006. Honeybees and other insect pollinators of cultivated plants: a review. Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, 27:1-23.
Thomas et al, Proc. 37th Int. Apic. Congr., 28 Oct – 1 Nov 2001, Durban, South Africa.
Trung LQ, Dung PX & Ngan TX. 1996. A scientific note on first report of Apis laboriosa F Smith, 1871 in Vietnam. Apidologie, 27: 487–488.
Verma LR. 1992. Honeybees in Mountain Agriculture. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; Kathmandu, Nepal. 69 p.
Verma LR & Dulta PC. 1987. Role of insect pollinators on yield and quality of apple fruit. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 44:274-279.
Wille A. 1983. Biology of stingless bees. Annual Review of Entomology, 28: 41-64.
Al-Ghamdi AA, Nuru A, Khanbash MS & Smith DR. 2013. Geographical distribution and population variation of Apis mellifera jemenitica Ruttner. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(3): 124-133.
Atwal AS & Sharma OP. 1968. The introduction of Apis mellifera queens into Apis indica colonies and the associated behavior of the two species. Indian Bee Journal, 30: 41–56.
Bansal K, Singh Y & Singh P. 2013. Constraints of apiculture in India. Int J Life Sci Res, 1(1):1–4.
Bhuyan M & Bhattacharyya PR. 2002. Foraging of honeybee upon Assam lemon (Citrus acida Roxb.) under agro-climatic condition of Jorhat, Assam, India. Geobios, 29: 33-36.
Dyer EC & Seeley TD. 1994. Colony migration in the tropical honey bee Apis dorsata F. (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Insect. Soc., 41: 129- 140.
Gogoi B, Rahman A, Rahman S & Deka MK. 2007. Foraging behavior and effect of Apis cerana pollination on fruit set and yield of Assam lemon (Citrus lemon L. Burn). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 77 (2): 120-122.
Gromisz M. 1993. Flowering dates of some important honey plants in Poland in the years 1946 – 1986. Pszczelnicze Zeszyty Naukowe, 37: 89-101.
Hargasim O. 1974. Bees as pollinators of entomophilous crops. Bee World, 55 (4): 137-140.
Hepburn RH, Radloff S, Otis G, Fuchs S, Verma L, Tan K, et al. 2005. Apis florea: morphometrics, classification and biogeography. Apidologie, 36 (3): 359-376.
Islam N. 2007. Role of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera, Apidae) on fruit set and yield of cucumber, M.Sc. thesis, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, pp. 47.
Kitnya N, Prabhudev MV, Bhatta CP, Pham TH, Nidup T, Megu K, Chakravorty J, Brockmann A. & Otis GW. 2020. Geographical distribution of the giant honey bee Apis laboriosa Smith, 1871 (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys, 951, p.67.
Mahanta M & Rahman A. 1997a. Pollination studies on honeybees (Apis cerana indica) on rapeseed, Brassica campestris var. toria. Plant Health, 2: 66-69.
Mahanta M & Rahman A. 1997b. Studies on pollination of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn) by honeybee (Apis cerana F.). Indian Bee Journal, 59 (2):74-75.
Michener CD. 2007. The Bees of the World. Second ed., The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, USA and UK.
Michener CD. 2000. The Bees of the World, Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.
Oldroyd B & Wongsiri S. 2006. Asian honey bees. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Otis GW. 1996. Distributions of recently recognized species of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae; Apis) in Asia. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 69: 311–333.
Parihar A, Thakur M, Rana K & Devi S. 2020. Quality analysis of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera honey from Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8: 46-54.
Raffiudin R & Crozier RH. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of honey bee behavioral evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43: 543-552.
Rahman A. 1993. Role of honeybee, Apis cerana indica F. in pollination and seed set of niger. In : Pollination in Tropics (Eds. G.K. Veeresh, R. Uma Shankar and K.N. Ganeshaiah). IUSSI – Indian Chapter, Bangalore, pp. 212 – 214.
Ramchandra TV, Subashchandran MD, Joshi NV & Balachandran C. 2012. ENVIS technical. report: 49, Centre for ecological sciences. Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
Rana BS & Goyal NP. 1994. Comparative brood rearing activity of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana indica at Nauni (Solan), midhills of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Bee Journal, 56: 24-28.
Rao G. Mohan, Suryanarayana MC & Thakur CV. 1980 Bees can boost oilseed production. Indian Farming. 29: 25-26.
Rattanawannee A, Chanchao C & Wongsiri S. 2007. Morphometric and genetic variation of small dwarf honeybees Apis andreniformis Smith, 1858 in Thailand. Insect Science, 4: 451-460.
Rinderer TE, Wongsiri S, Kuang B, Liu J, Oldroyd BP, Sylvester HA & de Guzman LI. 1996. Comparative nest architecture of the dwarf honey bees. Journal of Apicultural Research, 35: 19-26.
Rodinov VV & Shabanshov. 1986. The Fascinating world of bees. Mir Publishers, Moscow (Russia).
Ruttner F. 1988. Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer, Berlin.
Said F, Inayatullah M, Ahmad S, Iqbal T & Shah RA. 2015. Foraging behavior of the Himalayan Honeybee, Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) associated with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) at Peshawar District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3 (3): 203-207.
Sakagami SF, Matsumura T & Ito K. 1980. Apis laboriosa in Himalaya, the little known world largest honeybee (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Insecta Matsumurana, 19: 47–77.
Sharma SK, Kumar Y & Rana MK. 2014. Status and prospects of beekeeping in Haryana. Workshop on promotion of honeybee keeping in Haryana held on June 24 2014.
Singh MP. 1999. Melissopalynology and survey of the bee plants in North-eastern hill region. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 12 (1 & 2): 79-83.
Singh MP & Devi CS. 1997. Effect of repeated flower visitation by Apis cerana Fab. on pod and seed setting in rapeseed. Insect Environment, 3 (2): 40.
Singh MP & Verma LR. 1993. Morphometric comparison of three geographic populations of the northeast Himalayan Apis cerana. Asian Apiculture (LJ Connor, T. Rinderer, HA Sylvester & S. Wongsiri eds) Wicwas Press USA, pp.67-73.
Singh MP, Singh KI & Devi CS. 1998a. Role of Apis cerana himalaya pollination on yield and quality of rapeseed and sunflower crops. In : Asian Bees and Beekeeping: Progress of Research and Development (Eds. M. Matsuka, L.R. Verma, S. Wongsiri, K.K. Shrestha and U. Pratap) Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 186 – 189.
Singh MP, Singh KI & Devi CS. 1998b. Foraging behavior of Apis cerana himalaya on sunflower and rapeseed. In : Asian Bees and Beekeeping: Progress of Research and Development (Eds. M. Matsuka, L.R. Verma, S. Wongsiri, K.K. Shrestha and U. Pratap) Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi, pp. 199 – 202.
Singh MP, Verma LR & Daly HV. 1990. Morphometric analysis of the Indian honeybee in the North-east Himalayan region. Journal of Apicultural Research, 29 (1):3-14.
Singh MP, Verma LR & Mattu, VK. 1994. Pollen spectrum of some honeys of the North-east Himalayas as determinant of honeybee forage. Indian Bee Journal, 56 (1-2):37-52.
Smith F. 1858. Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo; Mount Ophir, Malacca; and at Singapore, by A R Wallace. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of London, 2: 42-130.
Suryanarayan MC. 1986. Honeybee – flower relationship. Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India, 28(1-4): 55 – 62.
Tej MK, Aruna R, Mishra G & Srinivasan MR. 2017. Beekeeping in India. In Industrial Entomology (pp. 35-66). Springer, Singapore.
Thapa RB. 2006. Honeybees and other insect pollinators of cultivated plants: a review. Journal of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, 27:1-23.
Thomas et al, Proc. 37th Int. Apic. Congr., 28 Oct – 1 Nov 2001, Durban, South Africa.
Trung LQ, Dung PX & Ngan TX. 1996. A scientific note on first report of Apis laboriosa F Smith, 1871 in Vietnam. Apidologie, 27: 487–488.
Verma LR. 1992. Honeybees in Mountain Agriculture. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development; Kathmandu, Nepal. 69 p.
Verma LR & Dulta PC. 1987. Role of insect pollinators on yield and quality of apple fruit. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 44:274-279.
Wille A. 1983. Biology of stingless bees. Annual Review of Entomology, 28: 41-64.
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Published
2021-12-31
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Haldhar, S., Nidhi, C., Singh, K., & Devi, A. (2021). Honeybees diversity, pollination, entrepreneurship and beekeeping scenario in NEH region of India. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology, 12(12), 27–43. Retrieved from https://saaer.org.in/journals/index.php/jae/article/view/400
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